The wflow_pcrglobwb Model¶
Introduction¶
In 2018 the following PCR-GLOBWB ((PCRaster Global Water Balance) version was added to the wflow framework:
https://github.com/UU-Hydro/PCR-GLOBWB_model/tree/v2.1.0_beta_1
Changes made to the PCR-GLOBWB code¶
The original code was converted from Python 2 to Python 3.
For the different modules available in PCR-GLOBWB:
groundwater
landCover
landSurface
ncConverter
parameterSoilAndTopo
routing
virtualOS
waterBodies
only the initialization function (including the states) was changed, to initialize these classes from wflow_pcrglobwb properly, so PCR-GLOBWB complies with the directory structure of wflow. Furthermore the checks in virtualOS whether the clone map and input maps (e.g. forcing) have the same attributes (cell size and domain), are switched off, including possible cropping and resampling of input maps when clone map and input maps don’t have the same attributes.
The wflow framework takes care of saving output, and the Reporting module of PCR-GLOBWB is not included. Also, the spinUp module of PCR-GLOBWB is not included in wflow. Initial conditions (cold state) can be set in the wflow_pcrglobwb.ini file as follows:
[forestOptions] # initial conditions: interceptStorIni = 0.0 snowCoverSWEIni = 0.0 snowFreeWaterIni = 0.0 topWaterLayerIni = 0.0 storUpp000005Ini = 0.0 storUpp005030Ini = 0.0 storLow030150Ini = 0.0 interflowIni = 0.0
or default initial conditions (set in the code) are used when these are not set in the ini file. Warm states can be set in the ini file as follows:
[forestOptions] # initial conditions: interceptStorIni = landSurface.interceptStor_forest.map snowCoverSWEIni = landSurface.snowCoverSWE_forest.map snowFreeWaterIni = landSurface.snowFreeWater_forest.map topWaterLayerIni = landSurface.topWaterLayer_forest.map storUppIni = landSurface.storUpp005030_forest.map storLowIni = landSurface.storLow030150_forest.map interflowIni = landSurface.interflow_forest.map
and should be available in the instate directory of the Case directory.
Ini file settings¶
Below an example of a wflow_pcrglobwb.ini file:
[framework]
netcdfoutput = outmaps.nc
netcdfinput = inmaps/forcing.nc
netcdfwritebuffer=20
EPSG = EPSG:4326
[run]
# either a runinfo file or a start and end-time are required
starttime= 2002-01-01 00:00:00
endtime= 2002-01-30 00:00:00
reinit = 0
timestepsecs = 86400
runlengthdetermination=steps
[model]
modeltype = wflow_pcrglobwb
[layout]
# if set to zero the cell-size is given in lat/long (the default)
sizeinmetres = 0
[outputmaps]
self.routing.subDischarge = Qro
self.routing.waterBodyStorage = wbs
self.landSurface.storUpp = su1
self.landSurface.storLow = slo
self.landSurface.actualET = aet
self.landsurface.swAbstractionFractionData = swAbsF
self.landSurface.totalPotET = pet
self.landSurface.gwRecharge = gwr
self.landSurface.snowCoverSWE = swe
self.groundwater.nonFossilGroundwaterAbs = nFAbs
self.landSurface.fossilGroundwaterAbstr = FAbs
self.landSurface.irrGrossDemand = IrrGD
self.landSurface.nonIrrGrossDemand = nIrrGD
[globalOptions]
# Map of clone (must be provided in PCRaster maps)
# - Spatial resolution and coverage are based on this map:
cloneMap = wflow_clone.map
# The area/landmask of interest
landmask = mask.map
# If None, area/landmask is limited for cells with ldd value.
[landSurfaceOptions]
debugWaterBalance = True
numberOfUpperSoilLayers = 2
topographyNC = topoProperties5ArcMin.nc
soilPropertiesNC = soilProperties5ArcMin.nc
includeIrrigation = True
# a pcraster map/value defining irrigation efficiency (dimensionless) - optional
irrigationEfficiency = efficiency.map
# netcdf time series for historical expansion of irrigation areas (unit: hectares).
# Note: The resolution of this map must be consisten with the resolution of cellArea.
historicalIrrigationArea = irrigationArea05ArcMin.nc
includeDomesticWaterDemand = True
includeIndustryWaterDemand = True
includeLivestockWaterDemand = True
# domestic and industrial water demand data (unit must be in m.day-1)
domesticWaterDemandFile = domestic_water_demand_version_april_2015.nc
industryWaterDemandFile = industry_water_demand_version_april_2015.nc
livestockWaterDemandFile = livestock_water_demand_version_april_2015.nc
# desalination water supply (maximum/potential/capacity)
#desalinationWater = desalination_water_version_april_2015.nc # should be included
# zone IDs (scale) at which allocations of groundwater and surface water (as well as desalinated water) are performed
allocationSegmentsForGroundSurfaceWater = uniqueIds60min.nom_5min.map
# predefined surface water - groundwater partitioning for irrigation demand (based on Siebert, 2010/2013: Global Map of Irrigation Areas version 5):
irrigationSurfaceWaterAbstractionFractionData = AEI_SWFRAC_5min.map
irrigationSurfaceWaterAbstractionFractionDataQuality = AEI_QUAL_5min.map
# predefined surface water - groundwater partitioning for irrigation demand (based on McDonald, 2014):
maximumNonIrrigationSurfaceWaterAbstractionFractionData = max_city_sw_fraction_5min.map
[forestOptions]
name = forest
debugWaterBalance = True
# snow module properties
snowModuleType = Simple
freezingT = 0.0
degreeDayFactor = 0.0025
snowWaterHoldingCap = 0.1
refreezingCoeff = 0.05
# other paramater values
minTopWaterLayer = 0.0
minCropKC = 0.2
minInterceptCap = 0.0002
landCoverMapsNC = forestProperties5ArcMin.nc
# Parameters for the Arno's scheme:
arnoBeta = None
# If arnoBeta is defined, the soil water capacity distribution is based on this.
# If arnoBeta is NOT defined, maxSoilDepthFrac must be defined such that arnoBeta will be calculated based on maxSoilDepthFrac and minSoilDepthFrac.
cropCoefficientNC = cropKC_forest_daily366.nc
interceptCapNC = interceptCap_forest_daily366.nc
coverFractionNC = coverFraction_forest_daily366.nc
# initial conditions:
interceptStorIni = landSurface.interceptStor_forest.map
snowCoverSWEIni = landSurface.snowCoverSWE_forest.map
snowFreeWaterIni = landSurface.snowFreeWater_forest.map
topWaterLayerIni = landSurface.topWaterLayer_forest.map
storUppIni = landSurface.storUpp005030_forest.map
storLowIni = landSurface.storLow030150_forest.map
interflowIni = landSurface.interflow_forest.map
[grasslandOptions]
name = grassland
debugWaterBalance = True
# snow module properties
snowModuleType = Simple
freezingT = 0.0
degreeDayFactor = 0.0025
snowWaterHoldingCap = 0.1
refreezingCoeff = 0.05
# other paramater values
minTopWaterLayer = 0.0
minCropKC = 0.2
minInterceptCap = 0.0002
landCoverMapsNC = grasslandProperties5ArcMin.nc
#
# Parameters for the Arno's scheme:
arnoBeta = None
# If arnoBeta is defined, the soil water capacity distribution is based on this.
# If arnoBeta is NOT defined, maxSoilDepthFrac must be defined such that arnoBeta will be calculated based on maxSoilDepthFrac and minSoilDepthFrac.
cropCoefficientNC = cropKC_grassland_daily366.nc
interceptCapNC = interceptCap_grassland_daily366.nc
coverFractionNC = coverFraction_grassland_daily366.nc
# initial conditions:
interceptStorIni = landSurface.interceptStor_grassland.map
snowCoverSWEIni = landSurface.snowCoverSWE_grassland.map
snowFreeWaterIni = landSurface.snowFreeWater_grassland.map
topWaterLayerIni = landSurface.topWaterLayer_grassland.map
#storUpp000005Ini = landSurface.storUpp000005_grassland.map
storUppIni = landSurface.storUpp005030_grassland.map
storLowIni = landSurface.storLow030150_grassland.map
interflowIni = landSurface.interflow_grassland.map
[irrPaddyOptions]
name = irrPaddy
debugWaterBalance = True
# snow module properties
snowModuleType = Simple
freezingT = -0.0
degreeDayFactor = 0.0025
snowWaterHoldingCap = 0.1
refreezingCoeff = 0.05
#
landCoverMapsNC = irrPaddyProperties30min.nc
maxRootDepth = 0.5
#
# Parameters for the Arno's scheme:
arnoBeta = None
# If arnoBeta is defined, the soil water capacity distribution is based on this.
# If arnoBeta is NOT defined, maxSoilDepthFrac must be defined such that arnoBeta will be calculated based on maxSoilDepthFrac and minSoilDepthFrac.
#
# other paramater values
minTopWaterLayer = 0.05
minCropKC = 0.2
minInterceptCap = 0.0002
cropDeplFactor = 0.2
cropCoefficientNC = cropKC_irrPaddy_daily366.nc
# initial conditions:
interceptStorIni = landSurface.interceptStor_irrPaddy.map
snowCoverSWEIni = landSurface.snowCoverSWE_irrPaddy.map
snowFreeWaterIni = landSurface.snowFreeWater_irrPaddy.map
topWaterLayerIni = landSurface.topWaterLayer_irrPaddy.map
#storUpp000005Ini = landSurface.storUpp000005_irrPaddy.map
storUppIni = landSurface.storUpp005030_irrPaddy.map
storLowIni = landSurface.storLow030150_irrPaddy.map
interflowIni = landSurface.interflow_irrPaddy.map
[irrNonPaddyOptions]
name = irrNonPaddy
debugWaterBalance = True
# snow module properties
snowModuleType = Simple
freezingT = -0.0
degreeDayFactor = 0.0025
snowWaterHoldingCap = 0.1
refreezingCoeff = 0.05
#
landCoverMapsNC = irrNonPaddyProperties30min.nc
maxRootDepth = 1.0
#
# Parameters for the Arno's scheme:
arnoBeta = None
# If arnoBeta is defined, the soil water capacity distribution is based on this.
# If arnoBeta is NOT defined, maxSoilDepthFrac must be defined such that arnoBeta will be calculated based on maxSoilDepthFrac and minSoilDepthFrac.
#
# other paramater values
minTopWaterLayer = 0.0
minCropKC = 0.2
minInterceptCap = 0.0002
cropDeplFactor = 0.5
cropCoefficientNC = cropKC_irrNonPaddy_daily366.nc
# initial conditions:
interceptStorIni = landSurface.interceptStor_irrNonPaddy.map
snowCoverSWEIni = landSurface.snowCoverSWE_irrNonPaddy.map
snowFreeWaterIni = landSurface.snowFreeWater_irrNonPaddy.map
topWaterLayerIni = landSurface.topWaterLayer_irrNonPaddy.map
#storUpp000005Ini = landSurface.storUpp000005_irrNonPaddy.map
storUppIni = landSurface.storUpp005030_irrNonPaddy.map
storLowIni = landSurface.storLow030150_irrNonPaddy.map
interflowIni = landSurface.interflow_irrNonPaddy.map
[groundwaterOptions]
debugWaterBalance = True
groundwaterPropertiesNC = groundwaterProperties5ArcMin_5min.nc
# minimum value for groundwater recession coefficient (day-1)
minRecessionCoeff = 1.0e-4
limitFossilGroundWaterAbstraction = True
minimumTotalGroundwaterThickness = 0.000
estimateOfTotalGroundwaterThickness = thickness_05min_5min.map
estimateOfRenewableGroundwaterCapacity = 0.0
# annual pumping capacity for each region (unit: billion cubic meter per year), should be given in a netcdf file
pumpingCapacityNC = regional_abstraction_limit_5min.nc
# initial conditions:
storGroundwaterIni = groundwater.storGroundwater.map
storGroundwaterFossilIni = groundwater.storGroundwaterFossil.map
#
avgNonFossilGroundwaterAllocationLongIni = groundwater.avgNonFossilAllocation.map
avgNonFossilGroundwaterAllocationShortIni = groundwater.avgNonFossilAllocationShort.map
avgTotalGroundwaterAbstractionIni = groundwater.avgAbstraction.map
avgTotalGroundwaterAllocationLongIni = groundwater.avgAllocation.map
avgTotalGroundwaterAllocationShortIni = groundwater.avgAllocationShort.map
allocationSegmentsForGroundwater = uniqueIds30min.nom_5min.map
#~ allocationSegmentsForGroundwater = None
[routingOptions]
debugWaterBalance = True
lddMap = lddsound_05min.map
cellAreaMap = cellarea05min.map
gradient = ChannelGradient_05min.map
# manning coefficient
manningsN = 0.04
routingMethod = accuTravelTime
# TODO: including kinematicWave
#~ # Maximum length of a sub time step in seconds (optional and only used if either kinematicWave or simplifiedKinematicWave is used)
#~ # - Note that too long sub time step may create water balance errors.
#~ # - Default values: 3600 seconds for 30 arcmin ; 720 seconds for 5 arcmin
#~ maxiumLengthOfSubTimeStep = 3600.
#~ maxiumLengthOfSubTimeStep = 720.
# dynamic flood plain options
dynamicFloodPlain = False
# lake and reservoir parameters
waterBodyInputNC = waterBodies5ArcMin.nc
onlyNaturalWaterBodies = False
# composite crop factors for WaterBodies:
cropCoefficientWaterNC = cropCoefficientForOpenWater.nc
minCropWaterKC = 0.20
# number of days (timesteps) that have been performed for spinning up initial conditions in the routing module (i.e. channelStorageIni, avgDischargeLongIni, avgDischargeShortIni, etc.)
timestepsToAvgDischargeIni = routing.timestepsToAvgDischarge.map
# Note that:
# - maximum number of days (timesteps) to calculate long term average flow values (default: 5 years = 5 * 365 days = 1825)
# - maximum number of days (timesteps) to calculate short term average values (default: 1 month = 1 * 30 days = 30)
# initial conditions:
waterBodyStorageIni = routing.waterBodyStorage.map
avgLakeReservoirInflowShortIni = routing.avgInflow.map
avgLakeReservoirOutflowLongIni = routing.avgOutflow.map
channelStorageIni = routing.channelStorage.map
readAvlChannelStorageIni = routing.readAvlChannelStorage.map
avgDischargeLongIni = routing.avgDischarge.map
m2tDischargeLongIni = routing.m2tDischarge.map
avgBaseflowLongIni = routing.avgBaseflow.map
riverbedExchangeIni = routing.riverbedExchange.map
avgDischargeShortIni = routing.avgDischargeShort.map
subDischargeIni = routing.subDischarge.map
An example model is available in \wflow\examples\wflow_RhineMeuse_pcrglobwb\.